MonkeyGate and Facebook
Posted on August 23rd, 2010 in Uncategorized | 24 Comments »
The Times ran on Saturday with two front-page stories about the questionable ethics of Harvardians Mark Zuckerberg and Marc Hauser.
The first Times piece reported on Facebook’s hostility to the new David Fincher film, The Social Network, which is about the founding of Facebook.
Behind the scenes…Mr. Zuckerberg and his colleagues have been locked in a tense standoff with the filmmakers, who portray Facebook as founded on a series of betrayals, then fueled by the unappeasable craving of almost everyone for “friends” — the Facebook term for those who connect on its online pages — that they will never really have.
The Times piece is pretty pro-Facebook, pointing out that some of the scenes in the film appear to be fiction and others are highly dramatized. Still, it misses the fundamental truth that Facebook was founded on a series of betrayals. (Having edited the 02138 investigation of Facebook, “Poking Facebook,” I can attest to that.) They may not have been illegal, but they were certainly unpleasant.
A greater problem for Facebook is that, try though it might, it can not sanitize the image of Mark Zuckerberg, who presents to most people as neither likable nor trustworthy. This is not a good thing for a company gathering information on over half a billion people. And Facebook’s latest privacy fiasco, its very scary “Places” feature, isn’t helping its cause.
The second Page One story on Harvard on Saturday was about Marc Hauser. Nicholas Wade’s piece was largely a rewrite of FAS dean Michael Smith’s letter, first posted on this site on Friday.
I don’t know Wade, but he seems comfortable voicing subjective opinion in his reporting. For example:
In view of Dr. Hauser’s prolific output, the finding of missing data in just three experiments, two of which he was able to repeat with the same results, is perhaps not greatly surprising.
Really? One suspects many eminent scientists would not agree with that assertion.
Wade also quotes Hauser, who gave a statement to the reporter, as “telling the New York Times,” language that in my business suggests he only told it to the New York Times and, thus, Wade had a scoop of sorts.
In fact, Hauser had given the same statement to USA Today, and presumably anyone else who asked for it.
The USA Today piece advances the ball considerably (making the Times look bad; emphasis added):
“It is good that Harvard now confirms the rumors, so that there is no doubt that they found actual scientific misconduct, and that they will take appropriate action,” says Emory University primate researcher Frans de Waal. “But it leaves open whether we in the field of animal behavior should just worry about those three articles or about many more, and then there are also publications related to language and morality that include data that are now in question. From my reading of the dean’s letter, it seems that all data produced by this lab over the years are potentially in question.”
Wade does note what his notable about Hauser’s statement: his confession merely to making “significant mistakes,” when the implication of the best piece of reportage on the scandal, the Chronicle of Higher Education story blogged about here last week, is that Hauser forged his data in at least one experiment—which is only a “mistake” in the broadest sense of the word.
I acknowledge that I made some significant mistakes and I am deeply disappointed that this has led to a retraction and two corrections. I also feel terrible about the concerns regarding the other five cases, which involved either unpublished work or studies in which the record was corrected before submission for publication.
I hope that the scientific community will now wait for the federal investigative agencies to make their final conclusions based on the material that they have available.
Of course, Hauser could make this process easier for the scientific community by simply telling people what he did—there’s nothing stopping him.
But just as Harvard earlier implied that it could not comment because of the federal investigation, Hauser is now sneakily suggesting that he can’t say anything for the same reason.
Which is, of course, balderdash: Hauser can say whatever he wants.
What he’s hoping is that people will have largely forgotten about this scandal by the time that federal investigation finishes its work, and that he can then obfuscate about whatever results it may produce.
Shouldn’t we expect better from someone whose website still lists him as a fellow at the Harvard Center for Ethics?
Here’s another great quote from that USA Today piece:
“Dishonesty in cognitive science is somehow more disturbing than dishonesty in biology or physical science,” said psychologist David Premack, an emeritus professor of the University of Pennsylvania, in an email to USA TODAY.* “The latter threatens the lives of people, producing a kind of harm we readily comprehend. The former puzzles us: it produces no physical harm, but threatens our standards, a kind of harm we do not readily understand. Because he caused no physical harm, we see him as discrediting everything he touched, including science itself. Hauser, a gifted writer, had no need for shortcuts.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Note, by the way, that USA Today identifies this comment as an email, while the Times’ Nicholas Wade says that Hauser “told” the Times his comment, when it too was almost certainly emailed. Small things, but they matter.
24 Responses
8/23/2010 10:39 am
Am I the only one who finds it fishy that Hauser was able to repeat two of the fraudulent experiments with the same results? Given the past misconduct, shouldn’t we be asking who monitored the re-run experiments to make sure that the new data weren’t simply made up?
8/23/2010 12:11 pm
I have to concur that it’s important not to let Hauser get away with substituting his word ‘mistake’ for the key word of Harvard’s finding: ‘misconduct.’
‘Misconduct’ is the word.
Poor work by the Times; keep it up, RB.
SE
PS. I’m still not persuaded that the Facebook ‘betrayals’ were at all central to the site’s and the company’s formation. Maybe I should look at the 02318 story again.
8/23/2010 2:07 pm
There are other strange formulations in Hauser’s statement. True, he does begin the statement with an apology (“I am deeply sorry”) to his colleagues, students, and the university. Yet as the statement proceeds, it drifts increasingly into agentless formulations (“this has led to a retraction and two corrections”; “the concerns about the other five cases”). It’s as if the retractions and corrections had just happened along under their own power, and the concerns were just floating in the atmosphere unattached to any minds. Then the strange clause “I am deeply disappointed that this has led to a retraction and two corrections.” Maybe he’s disappointed in himself and his conduct, but that doesn’t seem to be what he’s saying here. Similarly, the sentence “I also feel terrible about the concerns regarding the other five cases […]” When I first read the beginning of that sentence, “I also feel terrible,” I expected it to continue with something like “for the problems this has caused my colleagues and students in the lab.” Now *that* would be something to feel terrible about. Even his final sentence, which does try to suggest something of that sort, is oddly phrased: “This has been painful for me and those who have been associated with the work.” I can’t help thinking that what’s uppermost in his mind is how terrible he feels and how painful the experience has been for him. And throughout the statement, he seems to suggest that his own view of his “mistakes” (and he surely chose that word carefully) differs from the findings of the university committee that investigated his work. He seems to hope to be vindicated to some extent by the government agencies that are now investigating it.
8/24/2010 4:12 pm
Perhaps the oddly phrased elements in Hauser’s statement are a reflection of his attorney’s advice. Still, having had three years to prepare for this moment, his statement should have been better.
I keep wondering whether Hauser’s departmental colleagues were at all unsettled by the very pointed criticism from Anderson and Gallup of Hauser’s 1995 self-recognition paper. It must have been discussed within the department and I can’t imagine that senior faculty would have qualms about asking to see the videotapes for themselves.
8/24/2010 4:31 pm
Yes, exactly so, Feste, both on the attorney’s role in helping to prepare the statement and on the department’s views about or responses to the self-recognition paper.
And I’m still puzzled by the fact that Hauser is being allowed to teach in the Extension School. Maybe that was brought about with the help of his attorney.
8/25/2010 10:34 am
Off topic, but here’s your new replacement for FU Penguin: http://hungoverowls.tumblr.com/
best one here: http://hungoverowls.tumblr.com/post/977649812/my-brain-is-screaming-i-dont-have-time-for-this
8/25/2010 5:28 pm
Sam Spektor raised very pointed and honest questions about this case a few days ago. Why aren’t Harvard faculty discussing this case? Why is the gender-bias implicit in the comments made by President Summers more worthy of faculty discussion than this case of scientific misconduct of one of their own? or more worthy of discussion than the silent of the President of the University regarding this case?
Asking the Crimson to lean is absurd… the students should lead a discussion about the core ethical principles of the academy because the faculty can’t?
It is really troubling, if not at all surprising, to be witness to the double standard implicing in the general extensive public deliberations that take place at Harvard regarding student misconduct, student plagiarism, or to discuss grade inflation, and the silence when it comes to faculty misconduct. Is the assumption, per chance, that student violations are more important to the core values of the university than faculty violations?
8/25/2010 6:09 pm
Though SE is correct that students aren’t likely to be focused on this, it is also true as I said a few days ago that they will learn a lot about our values from the way we we handle it. Whether, when the dust settles, we will be proud of what we have taught them is a very good question.
Here is a good summary of what the author accurately calls, echoing Donald Rumsfeld, the known unknowns about the case. So it is speculative, but it does list some good and not so good possible reasons for Harvard’s silence.
I just can’t think of a comparable case in FAS. The Ogletree and Tribe cases notwithstanding, for scholarly misconduct you may have to go back to the Darsee case at HMS in the early 1980s, but that was described at the time as data fabrication. The Shleifer case, which was about professional if not scholarly misconduct, got even less disclosure than the Hauser case. The professor never went as far in the way of acknowledging anything as Hauser already has, in spite of an adverse finding in a federal trial. His departmental colleagues did talk about what he had done: with few exceptions, they insisted he had done nothing wrong. So murky as it is about the degree of intentionality and falsification that may have occurred, the present situation is actually a model of transparency by comparison with that one. But that was about money, not research.
I suppose faculty talked about that case more than this one because we had a lot more information about it — not from Harvard but from the detailed account published by a journalist. Most of the colleagues I have talked to are quite appalled, but are not jumping up and down because their information is so limited about the details. Some remain in benefit-of-the-doubt mode, given how encompassing the “misconduct” term is and their doubts about what a determined prosecutor could make of their own files if their offices were raided and all their notes taken away for hostile scrutiny. (I am not in that number, but I thought I’d mention that a few are withholding judgment.)
One question I have is why this is an FAS-level matter rather than a university matter. Having FAS review its policies and procedures suggests that something like this could happen in another Faculty and be treated with either a greater or lesser degree of disclosure. To the extent we are serving a public interest by making disclosures, the public would have a hard time understanding why “Harvard” does things differently depending whether the misconduct is in FAS or in the Ed School. (Hauser, actually, is in both of these Faculties.)
8/25/2010 7:40 pm
Harry, you make an excellent point. Indeed, something like this could just as easily happen in another faculty. Somehow, the tubs still seem to be separate entities.
8/25/2010 7:43 pm
@Harry Lewis, unfortunately, your link to the summary of the case did not work. Please do repost as I’d be interested to see it.
8/25/2010 8:05 pm
Ugh. HTML is an awful programming language. I’ll try again. Here we go.
Here is the article.
The Summers comparison is a red herring, by the way. The press loved the women in science issue (as did Summers himself), but if you read the minutes of the faculty meetings it was not the issue the faculty was discussing. And to the extent it was an issue, it was because presidents temporarily lose some of their freedom of speech. As someone said at the time, the president of Wendy’s can’t say he loves Big Macs and keep his job, though he can’t be arrested for telling the truth. Presidents have to sublimate their freedom of speech to the welfare of their institutions. True for deans too.
8/25/2010 8:18 pm
To respond to “ethics at Harvard?”, I don’t think the faculty have been avoiding discussing the case. As a case in point, I’m a Professor in a completely different area (Computer Science), and I’ve been posting about it regularly on my own blog (http://mybiasedcoin.blogspot.com/) as information has been coming out.
Why aren’t you seeing wider discussion? First, it’s summer; a lot of faculty are still off traveling until the semester starts. (When I’ve been in the office the last few days, I’d say less than a quarter are around.) Second, as Harry points out, it’s not like we have a lot of actual facts to go on. It’s hard to discuss issues related to the case when there’s so little actual detail in the open to discuss.
I think the one issue the faculty should be discussing — and I’ve certainly had this conversation with others — is whether Harvard should be releasing more information on the case. That alone is a big issue. As for the issue of misconduct, I suppose Harry could put me somewhere in the “benefit-of-the-doubt” side of things; certainly everything I’ve heard seems quite damning, and Hauser’s lack of defense seems to say volumes. But without having seen the evidence myself, it’s hard to discuss where (or, actually, even if) things went wrong.
8/25/2010 9:16 pm
“Students…will learn a lot about our values from the way we we handle it. Whether, when the dust settles, we will be proud of what we have taught them is a very good question”
Harry Lewis
If faculty are aware of this, and still not turning this into a ‘teachable moment’, this is direct neglect of duty. Cause for application of the third statute?
8/25/2010 9:42 pm
It is poor practice to teach anything without knowing the facts. I was referring to the administrative handling.
8/26/2010 12:35 am
Greg Miller’s summary of the Hauser case is good (thank you, Harry Lewis) but at least one question wasn’t posed: Why did Harvard’s investigation take so long? Three years is a long time to live under a cloud.
8/26/2010 6:09 am
Good question, Feste. There are lots of possibilities. This is interesting, especially relevant to Richard’s claims of a “coverup.” From Nature:
Harvard had been pummelled in the press for its reticence, but it is common and sometimes necessary for universities to sit on the results of internal misconduct investigations. This is particularly true when the case is complex — as they often are — and the findings subject to challenge, or when other researchers have been implicated. Indeed, the US Office of Research Integrity (ORI), which monitors investigations of researchers who are funded by the National Institutes of Health, asks institutions not to make their investigations public until the ORI has completed its own assessment. This can delay a verdict for weeks or even years after the university completes its own investigation.
8/26/2010 8:45 am
Harry, many thanks for your recent comments. The link you gave in your post of 8/25/2010, 8:05pm, is very helpful about the “known unknowns” in this case. I’m now coming to think that we may well just have to wait until the government investigations have been completed and the results made known.
8/26/2010 8:54 am
I want to believe Harry Lewis: “The Summers comparison is a red herring, by the way. The press loved the women in science issue (as did Summers himself), but if you read the minutes of the faculty meetings it was not the issue the faculty was discussing.”
But where can those who are not privileged to be FAS faculty members find the minutes to read?
8/26/2010 9:24 am
There was an excellent, almost verbatim account of the crucial FAS meeting in the Harvard Magazine at the time. That meeting took place on February 7, 2006.
It has been next to impossible to get the media to correct the story and focus on what was actually under discussion among faculty members at the time. Even in retrospective accounts after all this time, the best I have ever seen is some kind of formulation like “women in science, among other things.” But in fact, by 2006 the women in science matter was no longer what we were talking about.
8/26/2010 9:38 am
Thanks, Judith Ryan.
But why can’t we read the official minutes instead of relying on the press no matter how responsible?
If and when the issues surrounding the Hauser case are discussed in the faculty, shouldn’t we be able to read some official report on the meeting?
8/26/2010 9:39 am
Publius,
I have argued, thus far unsuccessfully, that our minutes should be public exactly so that questions like this, in which there is public interest, can be answered.
Judith correctly recalls that Harvard Magazine site had a detailed account of the crucial faculty meeting. Alas, that account has been taken down from the web. But god bless the Internet Archive.
The published Harvard Magazine did have the fairest and most accurate summary of Summers’s departure, noting that the women-in-science issue “was hardly the sole factor, nor perhaps even the most important” resulting in Summers’ resignation. Here it is.
8/26/2010 9:49 am
In addition to John Rosenberg’s excellent coverage of that event, readers might also be interested in, um, my account of Summers’ exit, published in Boston magazine, which kicks off with stories of the furor over Bill Kirby’s firing and the Shleifer affair.
http://www.bostonmagazine.com/articles/the_crimson_coup/
8/26/2010 11:54 am
Just as another point of verification — while the women-in-science issue with Summers was rather embarrassing to many of us (it came up frequently when I visited other schools), in my recollection it was not a major issue when it came to the votes of no-confidence. It seemed to me that many faculty were fed up with someone who seemed a modern-day Henry VIII — repeatedly deciding things without (or worse, ignoring) faculty input and then using a PR machine to hide responsibility for anything that didn’t turn out well. The Kirby firing was a primary example.
8/26/2010 3:46 pm
Prof. Mitzenmacher’s comment explains why my favorite economics blog is:
http://firelarrysummersnow.blogspot.com/
The blog’s title has an uplifting ring to it.