Larry Summers in the FT
Posted on October 30th, 2006 in Uncategorized | 19 Comments »
Larry Summers’ first column for the Financial Times appears today. It’s an interesting piece of work. I wouldn’t say that Summers is a natural writer. This article feels more like a speech than a column, which is to be expected given that Summers has done far more speechifying than he has column-writing. It’s a little stentorian, a little Olympian.
The subject is the fate of the global middle class under globalization, and why that middle class is feeling economic anxiety. An interesting and worthy topic.
Summers writes:
From the failure to complete the Doha trade round to pervasive Wal-Mart-bashing, from massive renationalisation in Russia to the success of populists in Latin America and eastern Europe, we see a degree of anxiety about the market system that is unmatched since the fall of the Berlin Wall and probably well before.
Summers attributes this anxiety to the growing recognition that the vast global middle is not sharing the benefits of the current period of economic growth.
Instead, two groups are benefitting from globalization: the very poor, who are finding new work as a result of international outsourcing and the demand for cheap labor, and those businesspeople and financiers in a position to take advantage of globalization.
I find one line particularly noteworthy:
Certainly those in the financial sector in a position to benefit from the asset revaluations associated with globalisation have prospered.
Let me extrapolate what I think Summers may be getting at here. Part of the middle class anxiety people feel, at least in this country, stems from the awareness that some Americans are getting immensely rich, richer than anyone has ever been in the scope of human history, and that this wealth is not generating opportunities for economic advancement for the middle class.
For example: David Shaw, Summers’ new employer, made $340,000,000 last year. One could say that he has “prospered.” This money is not going to build factories or create jobs. It is going into the bank of David Shaw.
While Americans may not know this specific example, they are aware that financiers such as Shaw are making obscene amounts of money, and they worry that these profits are coming at their expense. While old businesses such as Ford are closing plants and laying off thousands of workers, new ones such as the D.E. Shaw Group are making huge fortunes for a very small number of employees, with no apparent economic trickle-down whatsoever. Dollars are being sucked out of the hands of the middle glass by a great vacuum wielded by those fortunate enough to play the hedge fund gameâwho, by and large, don’t appear to have any particular sense of social responsibility. (Anyone heard much about foundations started by hedge fund billionaires? Me neither.) And they are hiring former Treasury secretaries to help them fend off federal regulation, so that their vast accumulation of wealth can continue unabated.
At least, that’s my impression. I’m not an economist, and so I would be curious to hear someone who thinks about these things on a more rigorous basis than I do analyze the issue.
Once upon a timeâperhaps when he was giving economic advice to presidential candidate Michael Dukakisâthis is exactly the sort of economic problem that liberal economist Lawrence Summers would have tackled. Would he do so now that he is nursing at the hedge fund teat? Or has his intellectual integrity been compromised by his desire to make millions?
The answer, as a Summers FT column might say, remains to be seen. Consider again that sentence. On the one hand, it’s pretty tepid, and softpedals the issue. On the other hand, at least it’s there.
Summers is always an intriguing man, and it will be interesting to watch the development of his future writings.
19 Responses
10/30/2006 4:52 pm
You may or may not agree with his politics, but even you Richard must know about the philanthropy of George Soros. Here is an descripion of it…from Soros website but impressive nonetheless…
“The philanthropist. Soros has been active as a philanthropist since 1979, when he began providing funds to help black students attend the University of Cape Town in apartheid South Africa. Today he is chairman of the Open Society Institute (OSI) and the founder of a network of philanthropic organizations that are active in more than 50 countries. Based primarily in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union—but also in Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the United States—these foundations are dedicated to building and maintaining the infrastructure and institutions of an open society. They work closely with OSI to develop and implement a range of programs focusing on civil society, education, media, public health, and human rights as well as social, legal, and economic reform. In recent years, OSI and the Soros foundations network have spent more than $400 million annually to support projects in these and other focus areas. In 1991, Soros founded Central European University, with its primary campus in Budapest.”
10/30/2006 5:56 pm
“no apparent economic trickle-down whatsoever”
- It is somewhat difficult to get a grip on, but the liquidity provided by hedge funds is a boon to the economy. Other people cannot afford to hold risk, so they sell it to D.E. Shaw, which can.
10/30/2006 9:24 pm
to anon 3:52pm. It’s unclear what your point is in bringing up George Soros. Soros is a remarkable man, a deep intellect marked by his personal experience escaping nazism. He learned much from Karl Popper -when Popper was still not a dualist but a positivist and materialist- and turned his ideas in counter intuitive models that allowed him to make great pofits from the market as well as to support the development of former Soviet Republics into Open Societies.
Neither Summers, nor Shaw have done anything that gets anywhere closer to the contributions that George Soros has done to advance freedom around the world. So let’s keep perspective and avoid hyperbolic comparisons.
Soros’ recent works demonstrate deep caring and understanding of the risks facing American Democracy at present. In ways none of those mentioned on this discussion thread do not begin to emulate.
10/31/2006 12:46 am
Hey anonymous 8:24, anonymous 3:52 brought up George Soros because Rich said he couldn’t think of any foundations started by hedge fund billionaires. So chill out. No one was making fun of your hero, though I’d be more than happy to start if you’d like.
10/31/2006 9:08 am
I thought we wouldn’t have to listen to George Soros anymore after Bush was reelected. Wasn’t that supposed to be the only upside, that Soros would run away crying to Antartica? Guess he likes to spend his money here too much.
10/31/2006 11:01 am
Soros is the exception that proves the rule, no?
10/31/2006 1:46 pm
Richard,
You said that “Soros is the exception that proves the rule, no?”
You really have to learn to do research when you make statements about subjects that you know very little about.
There are a large number of hedge fund managers (and other money managers) who give away vast amounts of money for the common good, either directly through their own foundations or other foundations. Vast amounts, Richard!
If you want to see just a small slice of the giving, plug into Google “Robin Hood Foundation Paul Tudor Jones” and see what has been done… and as I said, this is a very small slice.
You also said… “Dollars are being sucked out of the hands of the middle glass by a great vacuum wielded by those fortunate enough to play the hedge fund game.”
Did you ever take an economics course at Yale?
Why don’t you explain to us how the dollars are being sucked out of the hands of the middle class.
If you’re going to make statements on your blog, as a journalist, I think you have an obligation to be accurate in what you publish.
Sam Spektor
10/31/2006 2:15 pm
Vast amounts, Sam! As always, you are back with vim and vigor. I don’t know what makes you more animated, criticizing me or defending the wealthy.
A few things. I am, of course, familiar with Robin Hood, and have even been to one of their annual auctions. It’s a fine thing, even if it has a Roman Coliseum sort of flavor…but if you think that the money being donated is more than a drop in the bucket for these people, you are sadly mistaken. I don’t think that any McMansions aren’t being built because of all the money the hedge fund people are giving away. Can you name one who has actually made any sacrifices of lifestyle to help others? Or is, say, Jeffrey Epstein a more typical type of the genre?
A larger point, Sam: As I said in that entry, I’m not an economist, and so my comments shouldn’t be taken as an expert’s perspective. Nor should this blog be considered my final thoughts on any subject; I hope it’s more of a starting point. I’m flattered that you take it as seriously as you, but the material that I publish in print goes through far more careful revision and fact-checking than what goes up on the blog.
Now, if you want to make an argument that hedge funds are good for the economy, I’d be interested to hear it.
And if you want to make an argument that I’m wrong, and that the young Larry Summers would not have considered the increased centralization of wealth in this country as a problem for serious study, then I’d like to hear that as well. Let me frame it another way: Do you think that Larry will feel as intellectually free to analyze that concentration of wealth now that he’s on the payroll of someone making $340,000,000 a year?
10/31/2006 2:16 pm
In-Spektor strikes again! Boy, I wish I had a nemesis.
10/31/2006 2:25 pm
Oh, and by the way, Sam. I did conduct the Google search you suggested, and the first article I turned up mentioned that Jones gave Robin Hood $6 million last year. Great! Except…he made $500 million. Made five hundred, gave away six. I may not be an economist, but I know that 1.2% percent of your income isn’t really that much…..
10/31/2006 4:37 pm
Richard,
You said “Now, if you want to make an argument that hedge funds are good for the economy, I’d be interested to hear it.”
What has that to do with your comment (which I asked you to explain) “Dollars are being sucked out of the hands of the middle glass by a great vacuum wielded by those fortunate enough to play the hedge fund game.”? Can’t you explain what you wrote?
You said: “Can you name one who has actually made any sacrifices of lifestyle to help others?”
What does sacrifices to lifestyle have to do with charity? Is it not enough to just give (and many give anonymously)? Does Warren Buffett have to change his lifestyle in order to meet a test of true giving. People don’t have to change their life styles in order to give away large amounts of money and many choose not to shout about it when they give it away.
And how do you know how much Paul Tudor Jones gave away last year? You have no idea, but you say he made 500 and gave away six. He gave away a lot more than that. My point is that a lot of wealthy people give away a lot of money (and time) to charity. That’s what makes this country so different from the rest of the world. I’m very familiar with both Italy and England and one of the keys differences in those cultures from ours is that we are an incredible country in terms of private philanthropy. If you want the best example I know, you only have to go to hospitals in New York and Boston to see how many wealthy people gave so much, many anonymously.
Those people include some in the hedge fund business (and the financial industry in general).
You originally said “Anyone heard much about foundations started by hedge fund billionaires.”
Why don’t you look at Michael Steinhardt and Jack Nash, both of whom have given away in the hundreds (that’s millions). See how much Bruce Kovner gave to Juilliard or David Tepper gave to Carnegie-Mellon or Ken Griffin to the Art Institute of Chicago. Then go on to Stan Druckenmiller, Henry Kravis and Stephen Schwartzman.
The list is endless and for you to say that ” (they)don’t appear to have any particular sense of social responsibility” shows your ignorance about the subject.
Lastly, take a look at what one of my late partners Arthur Zankel gave to Carnegie Hall, Columbia Teachers and other institutions.
Then tell me that people like him have no sense of social responsibility.
Keep mocking them, but the next time you go to Zankel Hall or NewYork -Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, say a little thank you for what they gave back.
Sam Spektor
10/31/2006 6:28 pm
Sam,
How do *you* know how much money Paul Tudor Jones gave away last year? You hint that you do know, but you don’t say how. Come on, ‘fess up.
Let me be clear: I think it’s great that Paul Tudor Jones gives away money, and though I’ve never met him, I’m sure he’s a very impressive guy. Robin Hood is a wonderful organization. I don’t mean to detract at all from his accomplishments, and I applaud his generosity.
I raise the question of sacrifice for two reasons. Charitable giving without sacrifice is certainly laudable, but I’m not sure it’s meaningful. In other words, if you’re making 500 million and you give away 100, well, that’s great…but let’s not get all carried away and suggest that these people are latter-day saints. They’re still living quite large.
Second, I’m glad that there are hospital wings given by wealthy people. But of course, throughout the course of American history (at the very least), many of those fortunes were built upon the exploitation of working people. And many of those hospital wings, museums, etc., were funded to brighten the names of those who made their fortunes off the blood, sweat tears, and lives of the less fortunate.
Do hedge fund operators do that? I don’t know. After all, they operate largely in secret. Who knows what they invest in,and what the consequences of their investments are?
I did look up Jack Steinhardt, though. Here’s what the first article I read about him (from Forbes, FYI) said:
“He and his firm were investigated, with Salomon Bros. and Caxton Group, for allegedly attempting to corner the market for short-term Treasury notes in the early 1990s. “When you’re a target of the government investigation, it is very unpleasant,” he says. He personally paid 75% of the $70 million in civil fines that were part of settling the case with the Securities and Exchange Commission and Justice Department-a mere fraction of the $600 million his hedge fund made on the Treasury positions.”
Now, I’m sure that’s an incomplete picture of the man. But perhaps it rounds out the picture you are suggesting.
10/31/2006 6:33 pm
One other thing, Sam. You and I agree that the generosity of Americans is one of the things about our country for which we can be thankful. But survey after survey shows that middle- and lower-class people consistently give a greater percentage of their income to charity than do rich people…..
10/31/2006 8:42 pm
Richard,
1. I know that if Jones gave 6 to Robin Hood (as you said), he gave away more than that.If you can’t agree on that, then we won’t agree on anything.
2. I didn’t say that these people were latter day saints and didn’t say that they weren’t living large. I just said that many have foundations and they gave away a lot of money (you said:”Anyone heard much about foundations started by hedge fund billionaires? Me neither”).
3. You said:”Second, I’m glad that there are hospital wings given by wealthy people. But of course, throughout the course of American history (at the very least), many of those fortunes were built upon the exploitation of working people. And many of those hospital wings, museums, etc., were funded to brighten the names of those who made their fortunes off the blood, sweat tears, and lives of the less fortunate.”
The hedge funds are not built on the exploitation of working people.
I, and I thought you (until you changed the subject) were talking about current hedge fund managers.
We weren’t talking about hospital wings and museums built by money made by exploitation many years ago.By the way, you did your undergraduate work at a university where a lot of “old” money was made that way. It didn’t stop you from going there and taking what was offered.
We were talking about now and whether these people give money. They do.
Jack Steinhardt? You did mean Michael, right? He has done much more good than most anyone else I know. Do you think Warren Buffett’s money is tainted because he owned General Re whose former CEO is in trouble.
For those lefties on the Harvard faculty who post here anonymously, and will undoubtedly come after me for defending the fact that many “money men and women” are major philanthropists, ask yourselves a few questions before you do (and you can do this as well Richard).
Do you own stocks? If so, do you know everything about the companies you own? Is there any exploitation of workers? Do you own mutual funds and if so why are you investing money with entities that have the same objective as hedge funds i.e. to make money for their shareholders/partners? Or do you just hold cash or cash equivalents?Does the endowment which supports the chair that you hold, have any taint to it as far as the source of the money? Does the money which supports your research have a taint?
Richard, you said “But survey after survey shows that middle- and lower-class people consistently give a greater percentage of their income to charity than do rich people….. “
I didn’t say anything to the contrary.
Sam
10/31/2006 10:35 pm
Sam,
You know a lot. Thanks for enlightening us… What do you think are the key challenges facing Harvard and how should they be addressed?
10/31/2006 10:43 pm
You are wrong about one thing only Sam: there are no leftists left among the faculty at Harvard. Not in any real sense of the term as in marxist-leninists, or even socialists. There are democrats and republicans, and conservatives and liberals, but all within the range of mainstream american politics, which is to say much more conservative than the politics of countries such as Canada -where there is an actual socialist party- or most European countries. Certainly there are no faculty at Harvard whose political views are near those of mainstream politicians in China or Russia.
The presumed liberalism of the Harvard faculty is a fiction of the american imagination, with little empirical grounding. Perhaps believing that university faculty are ‘lefties’ makes people feel as if there are real competitive politics while these politics take place in a spectrum that is narrower than in most other advanced countries.
10/31/2006 10:50 pm
It is not just Harvard that is bankrupt as a spring of political ideas. Have you seen the latest political diatribe between Bush and Kerry, two Yale graduates, over who said about the war in Iraq what and should apologize. Does any of them have any idea of how to prevent the precipitous decline in the American economy and in American standing in the world?
It is not apparent that there is more lux et veritas in New Haven than in Cantabrigia. Both seem to be pretty dark places these days.
11/1/2024 12:05 am
No, Harvard lefties aren’t socialists, they’re much more disingenuous.
And thank God that Yale and Harvard’s influence on the world has been marginalized over the years. So things can be dark there and it means little or nothing to the rest of the country. Keep the lights on at HMS please, but perhaps the rest could use a nap for, say, twenty years.
11/1/2024 10:01 am
You raise an interesting point 11.05pm. What faculty do at Yale or Harvard is inconsequential to life in America or in the World.
Harvard has many more professional schools than Yale, so it stands to reason that it’s global influence in Law, Business, Medicine, Public Health or Education is not trivial. The world would surely be a darker place if Harvard closed shop one of these days.